Free will vs Determinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Free will vs Determinism - Essay Example Based on his past transgression, King Laius of Thebes, the father of Oedipus, and his descendants were doomed to tragedy as predicted by Apollo’s Oracle. Thus, the tragic hero Oedipus’ fate was sealed even before his birth (Dilman 21). Laius was destined to perish at the hands of his own son, Oedipus. The king attempts to eliminate the infant son by ordering his wife Queen Jocasta to get him killed. However, his will to divert his destiny is interceded by fate through a kindly shepherd who rescues the abandoned baby. Ultimately, Oedipus is raised by the childless king of Corynth, Polybus and his queen Merope (Sophocles 36). The greater the attempts to intervene with fate, they serve only to strengthen the victory of the prophecy. Later Oedipus as a grown man comes to know from Apollo’s Delphic Oracle, that he would be the murderer of his father and would mate with his own mother. In an attempt to prevent this prediction from coming true on Polybus and Merope whom he believes to be his true parents, Oedipus leaves Corinth. It is clear that Oedipus pits his strength against the fate predicted for him by Apollo (Dilman 22). However, by leaving his foster home in Corynth to protect his parents from himself, unaware that Polybus and Merope were not his true parents, he makes the prophecy come true. Thus, while travelling to Thebes, he meets his true father Laius, while both are unaware of each others’ identities. The haughty father and the arrogant and impetuous son (Dilman 23) quarrel over whose chariot has the right of way, and Oedipus kills his father. Thus, fate works through the participants’ characters, and one part of the Oracle’s prophecy comes true. He frees the kingdom of The bes from a sphinx’s curse (Sophocles 10), is rewarded with the kingdom and married to the dowager Queen Jocasta, his biological mother, while each is unaware of the other’s identity, consequently fulfilling the entire prophecy. After

Constitutional Law of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Constitutional Law of the European Union - Essay Example A regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods. A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is addressed. Recommendations and opinions shall have no binding force.†1 The directive will only inform the end result of the directive without dictating as to how it should be implemented. Generally a time period is given to the member states to implement the directive by passing necessary legislation. The directive in question is to make it an option available to the purchaser of goods through mail order business to return the goods so purchased within fifteen days without having to assign any reason for doing so and to make it obligatory for the supplier to accept the return and refund the purchase price within 7 days after deducting reasonable expenditure incurred for the supply. The directives are applicable to which ever member state it is addressed to or to all the member states. It is binding on the member state to implement within the time frame given by the council which is called transposing into the national law of the member state failing which it is open for the European commission to initiate legal action against the defaulting member states in the European court of justice, first in the Court of First Instance Decisions, for necessary action depending upon the seriousness and also award damages for the affected individuals. Though originally the directive to be implemented by the member state as it may feel fit, lately 2the law has evolved to make the member state liable for non implementation of the directive. This is Direct Effect